Puff And Fresh Restaurant Billing System Computer Science Essay

Puff And Fresh Restaurant Billing System Computer Science Essay Puff and Fresh is a popular Restaurant where a large number of Customers Visited. It is very important to have a successful Billing system for the Restaurant. Currently the Restaurant has manual billing system which has many faults when maintain the Bills. Therefore it is good to maintain a computerize system to reduce the errors and to reduce the tiresome Billing system. This documentation contains information on how the Billing system has been created. Facts are discussed under the following topics: The documentation has clearly defined the above topics and there importance of the system. All requirements have been reasoned out and proper conclusions have been made. 1. Introduction Puff and Fresh is a Restaurant. At present Puff and Fresh maintain manual Billing system and they need a computerize approach to maintain Bills. Puff and Fresh shows the customer the different breakfast items offered by the restaurant. Allow the customer to select more than one item from the menu. Calculate and Print the billà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. It is required to develop a C++ application that could Print Menu Item, Price, Amount etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The program is needed to have a user interface which contains the functionalities such as inserting number of adults and children. Choosing the menu and ordering the menu. Creating the bill and print the bill. The aim of this assignment is to present the knowledge the students have gathered this module; C ++ programming. The assignment is divided into their respective sections, and each section has its own objectives, which are to be achieved successfully. Basic fact finding techniques have been followed and the preliminary investigation has been conducted to find out the problems faced by Puff and Fresh Restaurant. The current manual billing system consists of errors mentioned below. Puff and fresh has daily customers. The Bills are stored in files and when the administration needs to access a particular bill, they have to manually go through the files and find it. This is often time consuming and can be a tiresome task. Maintaining records in files over account details require a lot of space and those records may be damaged or misused due to the poor security measures the Restaurant has taken. Since there are a lot of files to be handled, Puff and fresh has needed to handle accounts informations. This is an additional cost. And also the puff and fresh has to spend on paper and other stationary that are needed to store the billing system. A full feasibility study has been conducted and its results show that a computerized system for Puff and fresh is economically, legally and technically feasible to implement. 3. Solution for the problem. The preliminary investigation has given a clear idea about the problem the Puff and Fresh is currently facing. It is clear that the Restaurant needs a computerized system to run and manage the Bill process. Prototyping life cycle model been chosen as the appropriate life cycle model to be used to implement the system. Results from the E-R diagrams and the data flow diagrams have given an idea about the entities and their relationships. The new computerized system has been designed and created in a manner to solve all the problems the Restaurant is currently facing. Entering no of adults: The computerized system is created to identify the amount of adults. This reduces the work of the staff by preventing manual entry of the number and so it prevents errors. Entering no of childrens: The computerized system is created to identify the amount of childrens. This reduces the work of the staff by preventing manual entry of the number and so it prevents errors. Requesting orders: this program can identify the request orders without any errors. The system is password protected and the users have to enter a password to log into the system. This prevents unauthorized users logging into the system. 4. Flowcharts and pseudo codes for the system. 4.1Request Password function Pseudo code Request Password () Char password Char enter Password Open file password Read from file password Struct Print user id Print password Get input enter id Get input enter password If enter id and password = id and password is true then Print user authenticated press enter to login the program Else Print no such login information you entered user id of password invalid please try againà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ End if Close file While Enter user id and password! = administrator, password End while Return 4.2 Printing main menu Pseudo code Meals () Print welcome to puff and fresh breakfast billing system Print item no menu item price Print 1 string hoppers Rs65.00 Print 2 egg sandwich Rs15.00 Print 3 thosai with chutney Rs18.50 Print 4 parata Rs10.50 Print 5 sausage bun Rs30.00 Print 6 fish roll Rs25.00 Print 7 plain tea Rs10.00 Print 8 coffee Rs15.00 Print 9 tea Rs20.00 Print 10 fruit juice Rs22.50 End 4.3 Main menu Pseudo code Meals () Print welcome to puff and fresh breakfast billing system Print item no menu item price Print 1 string hoppers Rs65.00 Print 2 egg sandwich Rs15.00 Print 3 thosai with chutney Rs18.50 Print 4 parata Rs10.50 Print 5 sausage bun Rs30.00 Print 6 fish roll Rs25.00 Print 7 plain tea Rs10.00 Print 8 coffee Rs15.00 Print 9 tea Rs20.00 Print 10 fruit juice Rs22.50 Do while Print enter number of adults Get input number of adults Print enter number of children Get input number of children Do while Print adult Print please enter your orders Get input menu number Print please enter amount of order Get input amount order Print would you like to enter more orders (Y/N) Get input y or n If Input y Print please enter your orders Else Print children Print please enter your orders Get input menu number Print please enter amount of order Get input amount order Print would you like to enter more orders (Y/N) Get input y or n If input y print please enter your orders Else Print puff and fresh billing system Print adults/children amount total Print would you like to continue (y/n)? If Input get y Return Main menu Else Exit 5. Header files used in the program. #include//for input and output library #include// for string data types #include//for search and sorting (standerd library) #include//for mathematics #include// for string data types #include// for header files console input/outputs 5.1 User defined functions used in the the program double price[10] = {65.00 , 15.00 , 18.50 , 10.50 , 30.00 , 25.00 , 10.00 , 15.00 , 20.00 , 22.50 }; //prices of the items double mealTaxPrices[10]; // prices of the tax prices of the meals int adultNumber,childNumber;// number of adults and childern void printMeals();// fuction to print the meals void orderMeals();// function to order the meals double orderForAdult();// function to order for adults double orderForChildren();// function to order for childern void get_password();// function to get the password static struct account accounts[] = { //user names and passwords of the program void get_password ( char *pwd, int size )//function to get the paswwords int main ()//fucntion to main 6. Coding of the Puff and fresh Billing System // +++++++++++++ Puff and Fresh billing System ++++++++++++ #include//for input and output library #include// for string data types #include//for search and sorting (standerd library) #include//for mathematics #include// for string data types #include// for header files console input/outputs // Declaring Functions double price[10] = {65.00 , 15.00 , 18.50 , 10.50 , 30.00 , 25.00 , 10.00 , 15.00 , 20.00 , 22.50 }; //prices of the items double mealTaxPrices[10]; // prices of the tax prices of the meals int adultNumber,childNumber;// number of adults and childern void printMeals();// fuction to print the meals void orderMeals();// function to order the meals double orderForAdult();// function to order for adults double orderForChildren();// function to order for childern void get_password();// function to get the password //arrays for the password #define FIELD_SIZE 25 #define length(array) ( sizeof (array) / sizeof (array)[i] ) struct account { char *id; char *password; }; static struct account accounts[] = { //user names and passwords of the program { Administrator, password }, { Tuwan, icbt } }; int is_authorized ( const char *uid, const char *pwd )//password is correct { int i; for ( i = 0; i if ( stricmp ( uid, accounts[i].id ) == 0 strcmp ( pwd, accounts[i].password ) ==0 ) { return 1; } } return 0; } void get_password ( char *pwd, int size )//function to get the paswwords { int i = 0; int ch; while ( i if ( ch == b ) { if ( i != 0 ) { printf ( b%cb, ); i; } } else { putchar ( * ); pwd[i++] = (char)ch; } } pwd[i] = ; } int main ()//fucntion to main { system (cls);//to clear the screen system (color 0c);//This function help to change color in command prompt char uid[FIELD_SIZE]; char pwd[FIELD_SIZE]; //print the Login printf(t -n);//print this line printf(t ********** Welcome to Puff and Fresh Restaurant **********n);//print this line printf(t -nnnn);//print this line printf(Login by keying in your details below :-nn);//print this line printf ( User ID: );//print this line fflush ( stdout ); if ( fgets ( uid, sizeof uid, stdin ) != NULL ) { char *newline = strchr ( uid, n ); if ( newline != NULL ) *newline = ; printf ( Password: );//print this line fflush ( stdout ); get_password ( pwd, sizeof pwd ); if ( is_authorized ( uid, pwd ) ) //If entered the correct data then this meseage will display. printf(nnt >n); else { //If entered wrong then this error meseage will display and exit. printf(nnttt>); printf(nnt>n); system(pause); return main (); } } getchar(); printMeals(); char response = y; //print this in the main menu asking number of adults and number of chilrdren printMeals(); while(response == y|| response == Y) { printf( please enter number of adults :);//print this line scanf(%d,adultNumber); printf( please enter number of children:);//print this line scanf(%d,childNumber); orderMeals(); printf(n would you like to continue(y/n):);//print this line scanf(n%c,response); } //in the bill this will print printf(n ******************** THANK YOU FOR COMING ************************n);//print this line printf( 20********************** PLEASE VISIT US NEXT TIME **************************20 n);//print this line system(pause); return 0; } void printMeals()//fuction to print meals { char code; system(cls);//to clear the screen system (color f3);//This function help to change color in command prompt printf( Puff and fresh Copyright: (C)2010 Tuwan.nn); //print this line printf( 20=======================================================================20n); //print this line printf( 20********************* WELCOME TO PUFF AND FRESH ***********************20n); //print this line printf( 20********************* Breakfast Billing System ***********************20n); //print this line printf( 20=======================================================================20nnn); //print this line printf( tt Below is the menue:20nn); //print this line printf( tt Item NotMenu ItemttPrice:n); //print this line printf( tt 22*******************************22nn); //print this line printf( tt 1- tString HoppersttRs.65.50n); //print this line printf( tt 2-ttEgg SandwitchttRs.15.00n); //print this line printf( tt 3- tThosai with ChutneytRs.18.50n); //print this line printf( tt 4- tParatatttRs.10.50n); //print this line printf( tt 5- tSausages BunttRs.30.00n); //print this line printf( tt 6- tFish RollttRs.25.00n); //print this line printf( tt 7- tPlain TeattRs.10.00n); //print this line printf( tt 8- tCoffeetttRs.15.00n); //print this line printf( tt 9- tTeatttRs.20.00n);//print this line printf( tt 10- tFruit JuicettRs.22.50n);//print this line printf(n); } void orderMeals() //function to print order meals { double totalPriceForAdult, totalPriceForChildren; double allPayment,discount; printf( tt**** ORDER MENUE****n); //print this line totalPriceForAdult = orderForAdult(); totalPriceForChildren = orderForChildren(); allPayment = totalPriceForAdult + totalPriceForChildren ; system(cls);//to clear the screen system (color f4);//This function help to change color in command prompt printf(t 20==================================================20);//print this line printf(n tt 22****** WELCOME TO PUFF AND FRESH ******22 n);//print this line printf( tt*********** Breakfast Billing System ************ n);//print this line printf( t 20=============================================================20nn);//print this line printf( ttAdult/ChildttAmountttTotal Pricen);//print this line printf( ttadultsttt%dtt%5.2fn,adultNumber,totalPriceForAdult);//print adult amount and the price of the adult printf( ttchildrentt%dtt%5.2fn,childNumber,totalPriceForChildren);//print child amount and the price of the child printf( ttTotal billtttt%5.2fn,allPayment );//print the toal bill //arithmetic of the bill if(allPayment discount=((allPayment * 0.5)/100); else if(allPayment>= 10 allPayment discount=((allPayment * 1)/100); else if(allPayment>= 20 allPayment discount=((allPayment * 1.5)/100); else if(allPayment>= 30 allPayment discount=((allPayment * 2.0)/100); else discount= ((allPayment * 5.0)/100); printf( ttTotal bill after discounttt%5.2fnn,allPayment-discount);//print total bill anfter discount printf( t No 234, peradeniya road, Kandy. Tel:- 081-2345678nn);//print this line } double orderForAdult() //fuction to print orders for adult { int menuOption,i,amount; char response = y; double totalPerPerson = 0.0,totalAllPerson = 0.0; double tax = 5.0; if(adultNumber printf(n ); else printf(*tadults:n);//print this line for(i=0;i { printf( adult %d please enter your ordersn,i+1);//print this line while(response == y || response == Y) { printf( please enter your option:);//print this line scanf(%d,menuOption); if(menuOption10) { printf( sorry we don`t have this order nagain! );//print this line continue; } printf( please enter your amount of order:);//print this line scanf(%d,amount); totalPerPerson = totalPerPerson + (amount * price[menuOption 1] );//total price of a person printf( Would you like to enter more orders(y/n):);//print this line scanf(n%c,response); } printf(n); totalAllPerson += totalAllPerson + totalPerPerson;//arithmetic totalPerPerson = 0.0; response = y; } return totalAllPerson + ((totalAllPerson * tax) / 100);//arithmetic } double orderForChildren()//fuction to print orders for child { int menuOption,i,amount; char response = y; double totalPerChild = 0.0,totalAllChildren = 0.0; double tax = 5.0,oneOrder; if(childNumber printf(n); else printf(*tChildren:n);//print this line for(i=0;i { printf( child %d please enter your ordersn,i+1);//print this line while(response == y || response == Y) { printf( please enter your option:);//print this line scanf(%d,menuOption); if(menuOption10) { printf( sorry we don`t have this order nagain! );//print this line continue; } printf( please enter your amount of order:);//print this line scanf(%d,amount); oneOrder = (price[menuOption 1] * 60)/100 ;//this one order for a child with discount %60 of one order of adult totalPerChild = totalPerChild + (amount * oneOrder) ;//total price of a person printf( Would you like to enter more orders(y/n):);//print this line scanf(n%c,response); } totalAllChildren += totalAllChildren + totalPerChild; response = y; totalPerChild = 0.0; printf(n); } return totalAllChildren + ((totalAllChildren * tax) / 100);//arithmetic } //***************************************END*****************************************// 7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Puff and Fresh billing system: Advantages of Puff and Fresh billing system It is a Windows based system The program is easy to learn. Developing or modifying code is much easier and faster Restricted to a limited number of users You can have a fully functional and the user interface elements are quite powerful. Improved security Disadvantages of Puff and Fresh billing system Take time to implement Difficult to use in non-Windows environments. Viruses can infect. 8. Data dictionary Variable name Data type Description account struct The struct assigned to the accounts User id char Variable to hold the password password char The variable holding the value for the confirm password No of adults Char The variable holding the value for the confirm number of adults No of children char The variable holding the value for the confirm number of children payment double The variable holding the value of payment total double The variable holding the value of total discount double The variable holding the value of discount tax double The variable holding the value of tax Menu option Int The variable holding the value of menu option Meals char The variable holding the value for the confirm meals 9. Test cases of the system. Checking the User ID and Password # Test Test Type Expected Outcome Actual Outcome 1.1 Type in an incorrect User ID Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.2 Type in the correct Password. Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.3 Type in an correct User ID Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.4 Type in an incorrect Password Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.5 Type in an correct User ID Normal Logging into the system message displayed Logging into the system message displayed 1.6 Type in an correct Password Normal Logging into the system message displayed Logging into the system message displayed Selecting options from the Main Menu ( Entering options using main menu Adult and children) Adult # Test Test Type Expected Outcome Actual Outcome 2.1 Type in an incorrect option. Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 2.2 Type in the correct option Normal Option becomes available. Option becomes available. Selecting options from the Main Menu ( Entering options using main menu Adult and children) Children # Test Test Type Expected Outcome Actual Outcome 2.1 Type in an incorrect option. Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 2.2 Type in the correct option Normal Option becomes available. Option becomes available. 10. Report about the program When chording this program Puff and Fresh Billing system I had to face lots of difficulties like syntax errors, semantic errors and compiling errors. Such as when we misspelled a word it becomes a syntax error. For example u can see below screenshot. If there is an error in logic it becomes a logical error. When we compile the chord the compiling chord show the error. You can see an example below. (A logical error) 11. Recommendations Implementing a security system to allow access to only authorized personals. Take regular backups of all the player records. Conducting a user training and support plan to train the staff at Puff and Fresh. Update the system in the future adding new features. Implement a system where the player can order Items online. Create a centralized database; thereby the same data is accessible from any location. Security from viruses; computer viruses could be a major problem; therefore reliable antivirus software could be installed. This software could be updated on a regular basis and the employees should be trained to use it. Keep the passwords updated; that is the users should change their passwords on a regular basis. Install Malware and spyware guards to protect the system from being hacked. 12. Conclusion The documentation includes all necessary information on the structure and the coding of the program created for Puff and Fresh Billing system. Creating the program was an overwhelming task that required a lot of analyzing, research work and personal skills. Below is a list of problems that had to be faced while creating the program. Understanding the problem and coming up with the most suitable solutions. Using the correct logics and the coding that would work best according to the requirements. Making proper use of the data types and variables such as structs and arrays. Understanding the errors that occur when using such data types and finding solutions to overcome those errors. Creating user-defined functions and passing parameters successfully. Creating proper user interface. Creating proper messages for input and output. Understanding the situations where displaying of error messages are needed and successfully creating them. Above problems have been successfully analyzed and correct solutions have been given in this assignment. Creating this report had been a great experience and a lot of facts have been learned since the required tasks have been given in a challenging manner. Tasks such as creating a system to a restaurant, needed research work as well as personal skills. Creating proper error messages was a very tiring task that consumed a lot of time. The program has been created successfully with proper error messages displaying at proper situations. Alternative measures had to be taken when using arrays and enumerators to prevent run-time errors. Even though there were no logical or syntax errors, using arrays inside struct created errors with the memory and finding out those errors was a difficult task. 13. Gantt chart 14. Reference Malik, D.S, I. (1999). C++ Programming: programmed Design Including Data Structures. Second Edition, Thompson Course technology, pp.269-294. DaniWeb.LLC, 2003 2010, Viewed on 25th of August 2008, http://www.daniweb.com/forums/thread141983.html Experts Exchange LLC 2009, viewed on 18th of August 2010, http://www.expertsexchange.com/Programming/Languages/CPP/Q_2163.html About, Inc. About and About.com,2010, viewed on 24th of August 2010, http://en.allexperts.com/q/C-1040/Storing-Info-Files.htm Lectures tutes and notes of c++. Exhedra Solutions, Inc, 1997-2010, viewed on 24th of August 2010, http://www.planetsourcecode.com/vb/default.asp?lngWId=3 Experts Exchange LLC 2010, viewed on 15th of August 2010, http://www.expertsexchange.com/Programming/Languages/CPP/Q_2163.html

Is Capital Punishment Necessary? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Top

Is Capital Punishment Necessary? In 1980 Clarence Brandly, a black high school janitor, and his white co-worker found the body of a white female student. As the police interrogated them, the officers told them, "One of you is going to hang for this." As he was looking at Brandly, the officer said, "Since you're the nigger, you're elected." Brandly was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. The evidence against him was weak and the police disregarded other leads. In 1986, a volunteer group devoted to freeing wrongly convicted prisoners came to Brandly's assistance. Meanwhile evidence surfaced that another man had committed the crime that Brandly was convicted for. He wasn't released until 1990 (http://www.aclu.org/library/case_against_death.html/#eight). The death penalty is one of the most controversial topics in the world. The numbers of people who support the death penalty is diminishing for many reasons. The leading reason: discrimination. Punishment is only effective if it is constantly enforced, and capital punishment can't be enforced all the time. Third, people who commit crimes of personal violence may or may not premeditate the crime. Also, severe punishment can discourage crime, but is death better than life-long incarceration? Lastly, death is irreversible. Since 1990, in the United States, there has been an average of more than four cases each year in which an entirely innocent person was convicted of murder and sentenced to death (http://www.acle.org/library/case_against_death.html/#eight). The American public support of the death penalty is declining. Actually, the United States is the only Western industrialized country where people are still being executed.... ...ecuted. Is the death penalty really necessary? With the death penalty, there is a chance of executing an innocent person. The crime committed is not always thought out. Additionally, long-term imprisonment is enough to discourage some crime. Plus, there is no way to enforce the death penalty immediately and consistently. There is much discrimination in the court systems in the past and today. Also, the public support of the death penalty is decreasing. With all of these reasons it will make one wonder if the death penalty is needed in our society. Jesus rejected violence. His life and teachings invited people to a new style of living. Intimacy and trust, compassion and forgiveness, concern for justice and nonviolence were key aspects of this new life (http://americancatholic.org/newsletters/AFA/an1000.asp). Why can't we live like this instead?

Falconi removals business Essay

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Waste Segregator Chapter 1 - 1605 Words

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All the stories relate to education and literacy, showing the importance and the benefits of it and how it is very different today because of all the technological advancements of the 21st century. In the stories of Wright and Malcolm X, the main characters struggle to overcome illiteracy because of the barriers

Contemporary Nursing Issues - Trends - and Management

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Nursing : Issues, Trends, and Management. Answer: Introduction: Palliative care is a narrower vigorous term for end of life undertaking treatment of patients with both curable and incurable diseases. Some of the care requirements by the patients suffering from terminal conditions are pain management and palliative support. Different issues prevail in the optimal implementation and regulation of effective remedial treatment. Besides this, optimal nursing also faces certain issues that prevent imparting effective and professional practices to the patient. The topic for this essay is optimal implementation of end of life care to the patients suffering from terminal diseases and illness. This essay outlines the importance of effective end of care for people suffering from terminal conditions covering the care requirements by the patients and prevailing issues in it. Further discussing the issues faced by nurses in imparting optimal treatment. According to a research conducted by Bloomer (2015) in different hospitals of Australia, 52% of people die due to ineffective end of life care. There are unable to get optimal care requirements such as pain management and palliative practices for soothing the distressed condition. Patients wishes for certain psychological and social care from nurses besides physiological interventions. This requires additional somatic and mental inputs from the healthcare professionals such as nurses (Bloomer, 2015). Nurses require providing optimal remedial and therapeutic treatment to the suffering patients for effective equilibrium in the somatic and mental status of the patient but lacks in delivering effective and on time care to such patients. There have been certain loopholes in the acute hospitals of the Australia regarding the effective delivery of healthcare services in terms of optimal end of life care by nurses (Hui et al., 2013). The prevailing issues in acute Australian hospitals are in effective pain management and ineffective communication between patient and nurses. Some other prevailing issues are lack of appropriate information on the condition of the patient, late recognition of the degrading condition of the patient and incomplete knowledge on treatment of the malady and illness associated (Cosgrove Bari, 2015). The two issues prevailing in the optimal care of the dying patient and associated family are ineffective assessment of pain and lack in fulfilling the wish of receiving optimal palliative care. Assessment of pain Ineffective assessment of pain and wish of palliative care are two crucial issues in providing relief to the patients suffering from critical maladies and illness. Lack in assessment by acute hospitals creates a huge gap in implementation remedial inputs to the patient. Healthcare professionals such as nurses usually underestimate the extent of pain among patients which allows them to regulate remedial therapeutic actions on the basis of guesswork (Reid, Eccleston Pillemer, 2015). Wish of Palliative care: Ineffective palliative care also creates a big gap in effective treatment. Unproductive communication is a factor responsible for ineffective treatment and palliative services (Gelinas et al., 2013). Ineffective communication leads to barrier on regulation of efficacious questioning between patients and healthcare professionals. Patient lacks in explaining their symptoms, prevailing condition and expectations of optimal support from the nurses. Furthermore, communication provides the views on remedial treatment in terms of medication and non pharmacological intervention of patient and associated family (Broom et al., 2014). Religious beliefs and spiritual needs also play an important role in effective end of life care due to heterogeneity of the society human beings live in. Some religions do not allow medication due to certain ingredients while some religion does not allow certain non pharmacological interventions such as therapies and massage for pain management. Besides this, lack in updated technology also plays an essential factor in preventing the implementation of optimal care. Updated technology is required in accordance with updated information and communication technology (ICT) for enhanced implementation of tools for effective treatment. Optimal assessment of pain is essential for the implementation and regulation of effective treatment to the aged patients suffering with terminal maladies. This factor is interrelated with other factors as mentioned that prevents effective treatment (Payne, 2017). Another important factor that prevents optimal remediation is the approach of nurses towards the remedial treatment. Ineffective training of nurses and uncompetitiveness are certain prevailing factors that intercept the optimal treatment. Ineffective training of nurses: Lack in optimal training leads to insufficient knowledge on the regulation of remedial medication and non pharmacological interventions that are essential for effective palliative care. Ineffective knowledge prevails due to improper training on the tools, clinical handover and handling of critical situation under pressure. These leads to late recognition of degrading condition of the patient that leads to death, by them (Cherry Jacob, 2016). Furthermore, incomplete knowledge on the maladies and their treatment is another prevailing factor that prevents optimal treatment. This incomplete knowledge and inefficient practices occurs due to degrading and outdated facilities provided by the legislation and the hospital management. This leads to ineffective decision-making during critical conditions for the optimal treatment. Lack in optimal decision making also revolves around the ethical dilemma nurses face during the treatment of the patients under critical conditions. Such ethical dile mma is termination of life longing therapies used in case of diseases such as cancer, AIDS, pulmonary fibrosis and others. Besides this, patient autonomy does not allow nurses to implement and regulate certain remedial treatments as they are not allowed by patients. Example of this can be the barrier provided by religious beliefs and spiritual needs on the optimal implementation of non pharmacological intervention such as therapy or hypnoses (Johnstone et al., 2016). Uncompetitiveness towards work: Uncompetitiveness also prevails due to lack of interest towards work by the nurses. Below average and degrading quality of existing living standards in terms of social, economical and cultural status prevents nurses in developing interests for efficient treatment by them. Nursing profession is extremely demanding and requires somatic and mental attention by nursing professionals to provide any misharm during remedial treatment. This attention increases to a great extent in case of terminal patients. Lower allowance and minimal facilities prevents nurses from taking extra efforts for the effective treatment of elderly people. Increment in the economical and social status of the nurses is an essential step required to overcome the lag prevailing in the optimal healthcare inputs in term of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions (Candlin Candlin, 2014). Conclusively, this essay undertakes analysis on the treatment of the terminal patients by the healthcare professionals such as nurses. Furthermore, an analysis has been conducted on the existing loopholes at the legislative, hospital management and nurse level. End of life care is essential hospice along with palliative care provides effective guidelines for the effectual implementation of remedial medication and therapeutic treatment. This is the need of the hour to formulate and implement effective measures to enhance the existing practices. Care management for pain assessment and need of palliative care includes effective communication between nurse and patient for the determination of the extent and effectual implementation of medication and non pharmacological interventions. Legislation and hospital management must provide optimal funding for the upgradation of the tools and services required for treatment. Furthermore, frequent training must be undertaken to update nurses with existing healthcare practices. Besides this, overall social, mental and cultural well being of the nurses must be regulated and enhanced by the hospital management to maintain the competitiveness by nurses providing care to elderly people with terminal maladies and illness. Nurses must undertake ethical approach for decision-making during critical conditions in order to undertake efficient delivery of acute care. References: Bloomer, M. (2015). The challenges of end of life care in acute hospitals.Collegian,22(3), 241-242. Broom, A., Kirby, E., Good, P., Wootton, J., Adams, J. (2014). The troubles of telling: managing communication about the end of life.Qualitative Health Research,24(2), 151-162. Candlin, S., Candlin, C. N. (2014). Presencing in the context of enhancing patient well-being in nursing care.The Routledge handbook of language and health communication, 259-278. Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016).Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Cosgrove, J. F., Bari, F. (2015). End-of-life care on the intensive care unit: an overview for hospital medical practitioners.Surgery (Oxford),33(10), 515-518. Glinas, C., Arbour, C., Michaud, C., Robar, L., Ct, J. (2013). Patients and ICU nurses' perspectives of non?pharmacological interventions for pain management.Nursing in critical care,18(6), 307-318. Hui, D., De La Cruz, M., Mori, M., Parsons, H. A., Kwon, J. H., Torres-Vigil, I., ... Kang, D. H. (2013). Concepts and definitions for supportive care,best supportive care,palliative care, and hospice care in the published literature, dictionaries, and textbooks.Supportive Care in Cancer,21(3), 659-685. Johnstone, M. J., Hutchinson, A. M., Redley, B., Rawson, H. (2016). Nursing roles and strategies in end-of-life decision making concerning elderly immigrants admitted to acute care hospitals: an Australian study.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,27(5), 471-479. Payne, M. (2017).Older Citizens and End-of-Life Care: Social Work Practice Strategies for Adults in Later Life. Routledge. Reid, M. C., Eccleston, C., Pillemer, K. (2015). Management of chronic pain in older adults.bmj,350(7995), 1-10.